About Cython
Cython is an optimising static compiler for both the
Python programming
language and the extended Cython programming language (based on Pyrex).
It makes writing C extensions for Python as easy as Python itself.
Cython gives you the combined power of Python and C to let you
The Cython language is a superset of the Python language that
additionally supports calling C functions and declaring
C types on variables and class attributes. This allows the
compiler to generate very efficient C code from Cython code.
The C code is generated once and then compiles with all major
C/C++ compilers in CPython 2.4 and later,
including Python 3.x. We regularly run integration tests against all supported
CPython versions and their latest in-development branches to make sure that the
generated code stays widely compatible and well adapted to each version.
PyPy support is work in progress (on both sides)
and is considered mostly usable
since Cython 0.17. The latest PyPy version is always recommended here.
All of this makes Cython the ideal language for wrapping
external C libraries, embedding CPython into existing
applications, and for fast C modules that speed up the
execution of Python code.
Documentation
If you still have questions, feel free to send an email to the
cython users mailing list.
Aspects of the core development are discussed on the
cython core developer
mailing list. If you are unsure which list to use, the cython users list is probably the right one to use, which has the larger audience.
Download
Cython is freely available under the open source Apache License.
The latest release of Cython is 0.19.1 (released 2013-05-11).
You can download it as a gzipped tar
or as a zip file.
Cython is also available from the PyPI package index repository.
Christoph Gohlke has created Windows installers available for download on
his site.
People
Core Developers:
Stefan Behnel,
Robert Bradshaw,
Lisandro Dalcín,
Mark Florisson,
Vitja Makarov,
Dag Sverre Seljebotn.
Contributors:
Marc Abramowitz,
Martin Albrecht,
Peter Alexander,
Francesc Alted,
Arfrever Frehtes Taifersar Arahesis,
Haoyu Bai,
Grant Baillie,
Gustavo Barbieri,
David Barnett,
Chuck Blake,
Alexey Borzenkov,
Georg Brandl,
Matthew Brett,
Lars Buitinck,
Vladimir Cerny,
Ondrej Certik,
Eric Chlebek,
Craig Citro,
Timothy Clemans,
Bryan Cole,
Dave Cournapeau,
Andreas van Cranenburgh,
Armon Dadgar,
Julien Danjou,
Nicolas Dumazet,
John Ehresman,
Jason Evans,
Eric Firing,
Danilo Freitas,
Bradley Froehle,
Gary Furnish,
Gabriel Gellner,
Christoph Gohlke,
Brian Granger,
Christoph Groth,
Jason Grout,
Romain Guillebert,
Chris Lasher,
Yaroslav Halchenko,
Magnus Lie Hetland,
David Hirschfeld,
Björn Linse,
Thomas Lotze,
Kay Hayen,
Thomas Hunger,
Eric Huss,
Naoki Inada,
Rafe Kettler,
Jerome Kieffer,
W. Trevor King,
Jim Kleckner,
Mark Lodato,
Angus McMorland,
David McNab,
Yesudeep Mangalapilly,
Vasil Manolov,
Sturla Molden,
Mansour Moufid,
Nikita Nemkin,
Olivier Parcollet,
Brent Pedersen,
Mark Peek,
Chris Perkins,
Gabriel Pettier,
Andrey Plotnikov,
Paul Prescod,
Prabhu Ramachandran,
Jeff Ramnani,
Holger Rapp,
Peinthor Rene,
Joon Ro,
Ralf Schmitt,
Corbin Simpson,
Kirill Smelkov,
Kurt Smith,
Nathaniel Smith,
William Stein,
Andrew Straw,
Arfrever Taifersar Arahesis,
Dimitri Tcaciuc,
Gregor Thalhammer,
Peter Todd,
Erik Tollerud,
Mathieu Virbel,
Pauli Virtanen,
Jakub Wilk,
Carl Witty,
Felix Wu,
Yury Zaytsev.
Financial Contributions:
Google and Enthought funded Dag Seljebotn to greatly improve
Cython integration with NumPy.
Kurt Smith and Danilo Freitas were funded through the Google Summer of Code program to work on improved Fortran and C++ support respectively,
and in 2010 Haoyu Bai was funded to work on Python 3 compatibility.
Special Thanks
to Greg Ewing for inventing and developing Cython's predecessor
Pyrex
and for his valuable input in language design decisions.
Useful Links
What users have to say about Cython:
»You would expect a whole lot of organizations and people to fancy a
language that's about as high-level as Python, yet almost as fast and
down-to-the-metal as C.
Add to that the ability to seamlessly integrate with both
your existing C/++ codebase and your Python codebase, easily mix very
high level abstractions with very low-level machine access... clear
winner.« →
Dun Peal on c.l.py
»A general rule of thumb is that your program spends 80% of
its time running 20% of the code. Thus a good strategy for efficient
coding is to write everything, profile your code, and optimize the
parts that need it. Python’s profilers are great, and Cython allows
you to do the latter step with minimal effort.« →
Hoyt Koepke
»The biggest surprise (and of course this is Cython's selling
point) is how simple the interfacing between high level and low level
code becomes, and the fact that it is all very robust.
It's exiciting to see that there are several active projects around
that attempt to speed up Python. The nice thing about Cython is that
it doesn't give you "half the speed of C" or "maybe nearly the speed
of C, 3 years from now" -- it gives the real deal, -O3 C, and it works
right now.« →
Fredrik Johansson
»Basically, Cython is about 7x times faster than Boost.Python, which
astonished me.« →
Chris
Chou
»I'm honestly never going back to writing C again. Cython gives
me all the expressiveness of Python combined with all the performance
and close-to-the-metal-godlike-powers of C. I've been using it to
implement high-performance graph traversal and routing algorithms and
to interface with C/C++ libraries, and it's been an absolute amazing
productivity boost.« →
Andrew Tipton
»Using Cython allows you to just put effort into speeding up the
parts of code you need to work on, and to do so without having to
change very much. This is vastly different from ditching all the code
and reimplementing it another language. It also requires you to learn
a pretty minimal amount of stuff. You also get to keep the niceness of
the Python syntax which may Python coders have come to
appreciate.« →
Craig Macomber
»If you have a piece of Python that you need to run fast, then I
would recommend you used Cython immediately. This means that I can
exploit the beauty of Python and the speed of C together, and that’s a
match made in heaven.« →
Stavros
»From 85 seconds (at the beginning of this post) down to 0.8
seconds: a reduction by a factor of 100 ...thank you cython!
:-)« →
André Roberge
»Writing a full-on CPython module from scratch would probably
offer better performance than Cython if you know the quirks and are
disciplined. But to someone who doesn't already drip CPython C
modules, Cython is a godsend.
Ultimately, there's 5 commonly used ways (CPython [C-API],
Boost::Python, SWIG, Cython, ctypes) to integrate C into Python, and
right now you'd be crazy not to give Cython a shot, if that's your
need. It's very easy to learn for anyone familiar with both C and
Python.« →
ashika
»What I loved about the Cython code is that I use a Python
list to manage the Vortex objects. This shows that we can use the
normal Python containers to manage objects. This is extremely
convenient. [...]
Clearly, if you are building code from scratch and need speed,
Cython is an excellent option. For this I really must congratulate the
Cython and Pyrex developers.« →
Prabhu Ramachandran
»I wrote a script that compute a distance matrix (O^2) in
Python with Numpy arrays and the same script in Cython. It took me 10
minutes to figure it out how Cython works and I gained a speed up of
550 times !!! Amazing« →
kfrancoi
»I would like to report on a successful Cython project.
Successful in the sense that it was much faster than all code written
by my predecessors mainly because the speed scales almost linearly
with the number of cores. Also, the code is shorter and much easier
to read and maintain. [...]
Making it this fast & short & readable & maintainable
would have been pretty hard without Cython.« →
Alex van Houten
»At work, we’ve started using Cython with excellent success.
We rewrote one particular Perl script as Cython and achieved a 600%
speed improvement. As a Perl lover, this was impressive. We still
get all the benefits of Python such as rapid development and clean
object-oriented design patterns but with the speed of C.« →
Wim Kerkhoff
»The reason that I was interested in Cython was the long
calculation times I encountered while doing a multi-variable
optimization with a function evaluation that involved solving a
differential equation with scipy.integrate.odeint. By simply
replacing the class that contained the differential equation with a
Cython version the calculation time dropped by a factor 5. Not bad
for half a Sunday afternoons work.« →
Korbinin
»I was surprised how simple it was to get it working both
under Windows and Linux. I did not have to mess with make files or
configure the compiles. Cython integrated well with NumPy and SciPy.
This expands the programming tasks you can do with Python
substantially.« →
Sami Badawi
»This is why the Scipy folks keep harping about Cython – it’s
rapidly becoming (or has already become) the lingua franca of exposing
legacy libraries to Python. Their user base has tons of legacy code
or external libraries that they need to interface, and most of the
reason Python has had such a great adoption curve in that space is
because Numpy has made the data portion of that interface easy.
Cython makes the code portion quite painless, as well.« →
Peter Z. Wang
»Added an optional step of compiling fastavro with Cython.
Just doing that, with no Cython specific code reduced the time of
processing 10K records from 2.9sec to 1.7sec. Not bad for that little
work.« →
Miki Tebeka
»... the binding needed to be rewritten, mainly because the
current binding is directly written in C++ and is a maintenance
nightmare. This new binding is written in Cython« →
Bastien Léonard
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